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Ghost Dance (The Vision of Life)
Ralph Albert Blakelock
Period
1871-1900
Theme
Religion & Mythology
Medium
Oil on canvas
Current Location
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
The Story
The Ghost Dance, or “Messiah Craze” as the press called it, fused elements of Native American religions and Christianity to express ideas about the resurrection and rejuvenation of indigenous cultures. An assertion of Native American pride and empowerment in the late 1880s, these ceremonies drew the attention of ethnographers and aroused the suspicions of United States government and military officials.
After the murders of Big Foot and Sitting Bull and the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890, the Ghost Dance became part of the mythology of the vanishing Indian. In Ralph Blakelock’s murky, deliberately ambiguous composition, the dancing figures appear as ghosts or shadows—insubstantial fragments of a memory or a dream. Indeed, the artist's understanding of such performances was drawn from accounts in newspapers and magazines. He had not traveled to the West since the early 1870s, more than 20 years before painting this work.
Executed in Oil on canvas, measuring 53.7 × 100 cm (21 1/8 × 39 3/8 in.), the surface rewards close looking. Ralph Albert Blakelock builds the composition through layered glazes and a tightly controlled palette, letting cool shadows recede so that the warm, lit passages step forward.
Look closely and the painting opens up. Objects you might pass over — a folded letter, a half-drawn curtain, the angle of a glance — were placed to be read. The iconography draws on scripture and classical myth, but the emotional weight is entirely human.
Housed at Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, the painting has passed through the hands of collectors, dealers, and institutions before reaching public view — a provenance that is itself part of the object's story.
“A silence so complete it becomes its own witness.”
The Ghost Dance, or “Messiah Craze” as the press called it, fused elements of Native American religions and Christianity to express ideas about the resurrection and rejuvenation of indigenous cultures. An assertion of Native American pride and empowerment in the late 1880s, these ceremonies drew the attention of ethnographers and aroused the suspicions of United States government and military officials. After the murders of Big Foot and Sitting Bull and the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890, the Ghost Dance became part of the mythology of the vanishing Indian. In Ralph Blakelock’s murky, deliberately ambiguous composition, the dancing figures appear as ghosts or shadows—insubstantial fragments of a memory or a dream. Indeed, the artist's understanding of such performances was drawn from accounts in newspapers and magazines. He had not traveled to the West since the early 1870s, more than 20 years before painting this work.
Charles H. and Mary F. S. Worcester Collection
Inscriptions: Signed, lower right: "R. A. Blakelock".
Ralph Albert Blakelock and Cora Bailey Blakelock (1857–1950); sold to William S. Hurley, New York and Brooklyn, NY, by 1909 [“Masterpiece by Blakelock to Be Sold by Anderson Galleries,” <em>American Art News</em> 20, no. 21 (Mar. 4, 1922), 6; Seattle 1909, cat. 358]; Moulton & Ricketts, Chicago, about 1911 [<em>American Art News</em> 20, no. 21 (Mar. 4, 1922), 6]; Charles P. Pinckard (1864–1920), Chicago, by Oct. 1912 [James William Pattison, “The Art of Blakelock,” <em>Fine Arts Journal</em> 27, no. 4 (Oct. 1912), 641]. Joseph G. Snydacker (1865–1920), Chicago, by Dec. 1913 [Elliott Daingerfield, “Ralph Albert Blakelock,” <em>Art in America</em> 2 (Dec. 1913), 57]; sold at Anderson Galleries, NY, to Charles H. Worcester (1864–1956) and Mary F. S. Worcester (1861–1954), Chicago, through John Levy Galleries, NY, and Woodruff J. Parker (agent), 1922 [“49 Paintings Bring $72,647 at Auction,” <em>American Art News</em>, Mar. 25, 1922, 1]; given to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1947.
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago. View on the museum’s official page.
See more works at Art Institute of Chicago or browse the full Ralph Albert Blakelock collection.
A restrained palette and sculptural lighting create a solemn geometry. The wooden crate and letter anchor the narrative with journalistic precision.
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